ABSTRACT A common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding program aims to obtain high yielding lines with quality bean seeds, disease resistance, and upright plant growth habit. The aims of this study were to evaluate the resistance of 527 common bean lines to the principal physiological races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and the Fusarium oxysporum f. phaseoli; to estimate genetic parameters and verify the efficiency of the genealogical and bulk methods in conducting these lines. Of these 527 lines, 279 were conducted by the genealogical method and 248 by the bulk method. For the field experiment, the Federer augmented block experimental design was used. Two commercial cultivars carioca seed coat were used as controls for the lines the same color, and more two commercial cultivars for the black seed coat lines. The traits evaluated in the field were plant height (PH), plant growth habit (P), bean seed yield (BY), sieve yield (SY), and lightness of the bean seed coat (L). Of the 527 lines evaluated for anthracnose, 207 were resistant, 57 moderately resistant, and 263 susceptible. For fusarium wilt, 58 were resistant, 53 moderately resistant, and 96 susceptible. For the carioca seed coat lines obtained by the genealogical method, the heritability (h²) estimates stood out for P, BY, L at 40 d, and gain from selection for BY. The h² stood out for black seed coat lines in the PH and SY traits, it can be concluded that the lines obtained by the genealogical method had better performance for all the traits

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate twelve genotypes of common bean for intermittent drought stress and for root growth angle. The water deficit experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016in a randomized block experimental design with split plots and three replications. Two treatments were applied: an irrigated treatment and a water deficit treatment, in which irrigation was suspended in pre-flowering and remained suspended up to the time at which the matrix potential of the soil was measured to be near –199 kPa. Atthe maximum point of water deficit, physiological and morphological traits were evaluated, and at physiological maturity, the yield compounds and grain yield. To evaluate root growth angle in 2016, a growth pouch system was used in a randomized block design, with five replications. Water deficit reduced genotype performance for all the traits except leaf temperature and first pod height. In relation to grain yield, the genotypes SEA 5 and Carioca Precoce performed better under water restriction conditions in both evaluations. The genotype Gen TS 4-7 performed better in the 2015 evaluation, and Gen TS 3-1 andGen TS 3-3 in 2016. SEA 5, Gen TS 3-1, and Carioca Precoce had the highest harvest indexes in 2015; and Gen TS 3-1, Gen TS 3-2,Gen TS 3-3, Gen P5-4-3-1, IAPAR 81, Carioca Precoce, and SEA 5 in 2016. SEA 5 and Carioca Precoce had the best root growth angle and were considered sources of tolerance to water deficit.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of 58 common bean lines against common bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli) and bacterial wilt (Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens). The experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks, with four replications per pathogen. The results were subjected to variance analysis by the F test at 1% probability. Significant differences between the treatments indicated different resistance levels among the lines against both pathogens. According to the Scott-Knott test, six lines were resistant to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, 14 moderately resistant, and 38 susceptible. To Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, 11 lines were resistant, 26 moderately resistant and 21 susceptible. Among these, the lines Pr10-3-4/1, Pr10-5-2/1 and Pr10-5-2/2 of the black bean group and C10-2-4/2 of the Carioca group were resistant to both major bacterial diseases affecting common bean in Brazil.

RESUMO O feijoeiro comum é uma das leguminosas mais importantes na América Latina, sendo, na maioria das vezes, cultivado em solos com pouca disponibilidade de fósforo (P). Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as respostas de 20 genótipos de feijoeiro frente à deficiência de P. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 × 20, sendo o primeiro fator constituído pelas doses de P e o segundo fator, por 20 genótipos de feijão, com seis repetições. Como substrato, utilizou-se um Latossolo Vermelho Eutrófico, com baixo teor de P. Para aplicação dos tratamentos com doses de P, utilizou-se superfostato simples, constando de duas doses: restritiva e controle, com a aplicação, respectivamente, de 45 e 90 kg∙ha–1 de P2O5. Aos 28 dias, foi possível observar os primeiros sintomas de deficiência do nutriente, com a diminuição do índice relativo de clorofila no tratamento com a dose restritiva. Além disso, foi possível verificar que os tratamentos foram efetivos para diferenciar tanto os efeitos de doses quanto os efeitos de genótipos para a maioria das variáveis avaliadas quanto à parte aérea, ao sistema radicular e aos componentes de produção. Foi possível classificar os genótipos quanto à eficiência de uso e responsividade à aplicação do P de acordo com seus desempenhos produtivos médios. Sete genótipos destacaram-se apresentando desempenhos superiores à média em ambas as doses de P, sendo estes classificados como Eficientes e Responsivos: G 2333, IAC Carioca Tybatã, IAPAR 81, IAC Imperador, IAC Formoso, BRS Esplendor e IPR Tangará, sendo que os quatro primeiros genótipos também foram classificados como Eficientes e Responsivos em condições de hidroponia.

ABSTRACT Common bean is one of the most important legumes in Latin America, mostly grown in soils with low phosphorus (P) availability. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the responses of 20 bean genotypes to P deficiency. The experiment was a completely randomized design in a 2 × 20 factorial arrangement; the first factor consisted of P levels and the second factor, of 20 bean genotypes, with six replications. The substrate was a Red Eutrophic Oxisol with low P content. For application of the P treatments, it was applied simple superphosphate, consisting of two levels: restrictive and control, with the application of 45 and 90 kg∙ha–1 of P2O5, respectively. At 28 days, we observed the first symptoms of nutrient deficiency, with the decrease in the relative chlorophyll index in the restrictive level treatment. In addition, the treatments were effective in differentiating effects of both factors levels of P and genotypes for most traits evaluated relative to shoot, root and grain yield. It was possible to classify the genotypes in relation to use efficiency and responsiveness to P application, according to their average yield performances. Seven genotypes presented better performances for both P levels, being classified as Efficient and Responsive: G 2333, IAC Carioca Tybatã, IAPAR 81, IAC Imperador, IAC Formoso, BRS Esplendor and IPR Tangará; the first four genotypes were also classified as Efficient and Responsive under hydroponic conditions.

RESUMO A antracnose causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum lindemuthianum é uma das principais doenças do feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), o patógeno caracteriza-se por apresentar uma grande variabilidade, com mais de 50 raças fisiológicas identificadas no Brasil. Tem-se evidenciado a maior ocorrência das raças 65, 73 e 81 no país e também a ocorrência de variabilidade patogênica entre isolados de uma mesma raça, que desestabilizam a resistência das cultivares comerciais. Portanto, o objetivo com este trabalho foi a identificação de raças fisiológicas de isolados de C. lindemuthianum coletados no Estado de São Paulo e Santa Catarina, Brasil e, detectar a ocorrência de variabilidade patogênica entre isolados pertencentes à raça 65. A classificação de 51 isolados resultou na identificação de 10 diferentes raças fisiológica: 4, 38, 55, 65, 73, 81, 83, 85, 321 e 351, com destaque para a raças 65 e 81, que apresentaram uma frequência de 37,25 e 35,29%, respectivamente. Com relação à avaliação entre os isolados da raça 65, ficou evidente a alta variabilidade dos mesmos, sugerindo a utilização de um novo conjunto diferenciador para detectar os níveis de variação entre isolados de uma mesma raça do patógeno.

ABSTRACT Anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the main diseases affecting the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and the pathogen is characterized by wide variability, with more than 50 physiological races identified in Brazil. Greater occurrences of races 65, 73, and 81 have been observed in Brazil along with the occurrence of pathogenic variability among isolates of a single race, destabilizing the resistance of commercial cultivars. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify physiological races of C. lindemuthianum isolates collected in the states of São Paulo and Santa Catarina, Brazil and to test for variability among the isolates of race 65. The classification of 51 isolates resulted in the identification of 10 different physiological races: 4, 38, 55, 65, 73, 81, 83, 85, 321, and 351. Races 65 and 81 predominated, with frequencies of 37.25 and 35.29%, respectively. Regarding the isolates of race 65, wide physiological variability was evident, suggesting that a new differential set should be applied to detect the levels of variation among isolates of a single race of the pathogen.

Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de genótipos de feijoeiro aos principais patógenos da cultura, bem como a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade de produção de grãos desses genótipos. Avaliaram-se 26 genótipos de feijoeiro quanto à resistência a Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseolie Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, por meio de inoculação, em laboratório, e em 19 ensaios de valor de cultivo e uso (VCU), em diferentes locais do Estado de São Paulo, nas safras das "águas", "seca" e "inverno", durante os anos agrícolas 2011, 2012 e 2013. Dezoito genótipos foram considerados resistentes: sete deles a C. lindemuthianum, sete a F. oxysporumf. sp. phaseolie quatro a X. axonopodispv. phaseoli. A reação de resistência aos patógenos está associada à estabilidade dos genótipos. Por meio das análises GGE biplot, foi possível identificar genótipos com adaptabilidade e estabilidade superiores às das testemunhas, nos dois grupos de tegumento avaliados, em todas as épocas de semeadura.

Abstract:The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of bean genotypes to the main pathogens of the culture, and the adaptability and stability of these genotypes' grain yield. Twenty-six genotypes were evaluated for their resistance to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, by inoculation, in laboratory, and in 19 trials the value for cultivation and use (VCU), in different locations of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in "rainy", "dry", and "winter" seasons, during the growing years of 2011, 2012, and 2013. Eighteen genotypes were considered resistant, as follows: seven of them to C. lindemuthianum, seven to F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, and four to X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli. Resistance reaction to pathogens is associated with genotype stability. GGE biplot analyses made it possible to identify genotypes superior to the controls for adaptability and stability, in the two groups of integument evaluated in all sowing dates.